competitionusedtobeeasy.thatisintheory,ifnotalwaysinpractice.until recently是mostcompetentcompanieshadaclearideaofwhotheirry 理论上是的,但实质上不一定。在旋转之前,很多能干的公司都很准确自己的竞争对手是谁,如何竞争,在哪个领域竞争。
oneofthestarkest-and scariest-declarationsofcompetitiveintentcamefromkomatsu, thejapaneseconstructionequipmentmanufact in the 1970 s.asemployeestroopedintoworktheywouldwalkoverdoormatsexhorting 3360“kill cata.companiesbenchmarkedthe iroperation sand market share agains tthe ircompetitors tose ewhere the ystood .最露骨最可怕的竞争意图宣言是20世纪70年代日本的建设在员工下班时掉的脚垫上,说:“全灭卡特柱! ”的口号。属性。企业不是对比竞争对手,而是依赖自己的业务和市场份额,思考自己处于怎样的地位。
butthatstrategicclarityhasblurredinsomanyindustriestodaytothepointofnear-invisibilitythankstothedigitalrevolutionandgloballs。companiesseemhappiertocutcostsandbuybacktheirsharesthantoinvestpurposefullyforthefuture.taketheeuropeantelecommunicationssshh companieswerenationalmonopolieswithlittle,or no,competition. Today是itishardtopredictwherethenexthreatisgoingtoerupt .但是转移目光的企业可能更愿意削减成本和购买股票,而不是带着具体的目的投资未来。
以欧洲电信行业为例。不久前,很多电信企业都是国有垄断企业,竞争少,也没有竞争。现在很难预测下一个威胁在哪里会越来越激烈。
WhatsApp,the California-basedmessagingservice, wasfoundedin 2009 andonlyregisteredinmostcompanies’consciousnesswhenitwasacquiredbyfacebookformorethan $ 19b nin 2014.yees tlifewhh ofthelucrativetextmessagingmarkets.today是whatsapphascloseto1bnuserssending 30 bnmessagesaday.theglobalsmstextmessagingmarkete 但是正式成立不到几年的WhatsApp在有利的文本信息市场上占有很大的份额。现在,WhatsApp拥有近10亿用户,每天发送300亿条信息。全球短信市场每天的信息量只有200亿条。
carmanufacturersarerapidlywisinguptothethreatposedbynewgenerationtechfirms,such as Tesla, Google and Uber是Allintentondeveloping“APPSONWheels”. Chineseandindiancompanies,little heard of a few years ago, arebouncingoutoftheirownmarketstoemergeasboldglobalcompetitors .汽车制造商很快意识到了特斯拉、Google、优势等新一代技术企业所面临的威胁。几年前不为人知的中国和印度企业进入了国门,成为了大胆的全球竞争对手。As the driving force of capitalism,competitiongivescompaniesapurpose,amissionandasenseofdirection.buthowcancompaniescompanies thes 但是,企业在这样日新月异的环境下是如何竞争的呢? 响应可能有两个(很少)答案。
thefirstistodoeverythingtounderstandthetechnologicalchangesthataretransformingtheworld,toidentifythreatsandopportunities ga chief executive of BT,the British telecoms group, saysoneofthefunctionsofcorporateleadersistoscanthehorizonasneverbefore .“asaceoyouhavetobeonthebridgelookingoutwards, lookingforsignsthatsomethingishappening,tryingtoanticipateitbeforeitbecomesadanger .“作为CEO,让车站远离船舶驾驶室,再次发生的痕迹To that end,bthasopenedinnovation“scouting teams”insiliconvalleyandisrael, andtechpartnershipswithuniversitiesinchat Abu Dhabi,India and the UK .因此,英国电信在硅谷和以色列设立了创造性的“侦察队”,在中国、美国、阿布扎比和But even if you foresee the danger,itdoesnotmeanyoucandealwithit.after all, kodakinventedthefirstdigitalcamerabutfailedtoexploitthetechnology.theincentivestructuresofmanycompaniesaretominiseriskraisk nnovationisoftenayoungcompany’s game .即使预见到危险性,也不意味着需要应对它。但是柯达(Kodak )发明了第一台数码相机,但不能利用这种技术。许多企业的激励结构不是为了最大化机会而是为了最小化风险。
想法经常是年长公司的游戏。thesecondansweristhatcompaniesmustlookasintensivelyinwardsastheydooutwards.well-managedcompaniesenjoymanyadvantages 3333 ds valuable historic data sets, networksofsmartpeopleandeasyaccesstocapital.butwhatisoftenlackingistheambitionthatmarksoutthenewtechcompanies, theirabilitytoinnovaterapidlyandtheirextraordinaryconnectionwithconsumers.inthatsense, themaincompetitionofsomanyestablishedcompanieslieswithintheirownorganisations .第二个答案是企业必须集中精力往外看,向内看。
有管理的企业没有很多优点:强大的品牌、大量的消费者数据、宝贵的历史数据系列、智能网络和易于提供资金。但是他们往往缺乏新兴科技公司特有的野心、缓慢的创造性能力和打动消费者的理解力。因此,许多老品牌企业的主要竞争不存在于企业内部。
Larry Page,co-founder of Google,Constantlyurgeshisemployeestokeepbeingradical.inhisfounders’letter of 2013, hewarnedthatcompaniestendtogrowcomfortabledoingwhattheyhavealwaysdoneandonlyevermakeincrementalchange .“this .leads to”over to 他在2013年的创始人信函中警告说,企业看起来依然符合他们所做的工作,不做增量变化。随着时间的推移,这……没什么大不了的”。谷歌operatesa 70/20/10 rulewhereemployeesareencouragedtospend 70 percentoftheirtimeontheircorebusiness, 20 percentonworkingwithanotherteamand 10 percentonmoonshots.howmanytraditionalcompaniesfocussomuchonradicalventures? 谷歌实施70/20/10规则,员工希望70%的时间作为核心业务,20%与其他团队合作,10%作为试验性维护项目。
有多少传统企业不把这么多注意力集中在维护项目上? Vishal Sikka,chiefexecutiveoftheindianitgroupinfosys, saysthatinternalconstraintscanoftenbefarmoredamagingthanexternalthreats .“thetraditionaldefinitionofcompetitionisirrelevation” INST OURSEELS .印度IT集团Infosys的CEO史维学(Vishal Sikka )回应说,内部限制的破坏性远比外部威胁严重。他说:“竞争的传统定义已经不是最重要的了。
所以我们开始在更多的事情上和自己竞争。」quotingsiddharthabythegermanwriterhermannhesse, mrsikkaarguesthatcompaniesremainthemastersoftheirownsalvationwhateverthemarketpressures 3360“knowledgecanbecommunicated .”“nowledgecanbecommunicated .” nyhastofinditsownuniquewisdom .”史维学援引了德国作家赫尔曼赫塞(Hermann Hesse )的著作《悉达多》(sis )。ha )声称,无论市场压力如何,企业依然是他们自己救赎的主人。
“科学知识可以交流。智慧是不行的。’每家公司都必须寻找自己的智慧。
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